Summary

The respiration of the epidermis of the dorsal region of young male guinea pigs was examined by the Warburg manometric method.

The investigations were carried out during a period of three hours. The metabolic quotient was determined per mg wet-weight. The proportion of the wet-weight to dry-weight was 4:1.

After epilation and mechanical separation of the dermis the epidermis was investigated — one part after tissue sectioning, the other after homogenisation.

The height and stability of the QO₂ is dependent on the incubation medium. We examined the sectioned dermis by Phosphate-Krebs-Ringer solution, Earle's medium and culture extract according to Cruickshanket al., the homogenised part by Phosphate-Krebs-Ringer solution, medium for liquidised tissue, according to Keil and Sormova, K-Phosphate buffer and Phosphate buffer according to Sörensen.

The sectioned and the homogenised epidermis showed equal metabolic quotients. The QO₂-values were found to lie between 0.258 (incubation in culture extract according to Cruickshank) and 0.092 (incubation in pure K-Phosphate buffer). The decrease in activity during three hours of investigation was found to be between 12 and 26%/h depending on the type of incubation.

With the addition of ATP in a concentration of 0.8 mg/ml we found a significant increase of the respiratory activity against control values, which increased as the experiment progressed. The addition of Glucose (0.2%) and antibiotics (50 μg/ml Streptothenate) showed no effect, addition of Supracillin decreased the respiratory capacity by 1/3.

Summary

By means of the “fibrinolysis autographs” described by Todd, the fibrinolytically active, histological structures were determined topographically in various dermatoses. 1.

In the dermatoses investigated the already known fibrinolytic activity caused by a tissue activator of the veins, venules and capillaries, rarely of the arteries overrules with a focal lysis time of 10 to 15 min.

2.

Lymph vessels, skin adnexes and inflammatory infiltrates always remain fibrinolytically inactive.

3.

The lysis areas of the not-keratinized nucleated epithelial cells of the oral mucosa, which appeared after about two hours, demonstrate the lower fibrinolytic activity of epidermal origin.

4.

An epidermal fibrinolytic activity also originates from spongiotic areas and excoriated regions of the acute and subacute eccema and parakeratotic cells of the transitional mucosa of the inner surface of the prepuce.

5.

Parakeratotic scales exhibit a middle high fibrinolytic activity after 30 to 60 min, independent of the examined dermatoses.

6.

The fibrinolytic activity of parakeratotic psoriatic scales appearing already after 15 to 30 min points out the special pathogenetical position of psoriasis vulgaris with excessively increased epidermopoesis.

7.

Orthokeratotic scales have no tissue activator.

8.

In none of the investigated dermatoses the focal lysis time is shortened. Dermatoses with inflammatory infiltrates in the corium tend to a prolongation of the focal lysis time and therewith to a decrease of the fibrinolytic activity.

Zusammenfassung

1.

Bei 246 stationären Patienten wurde durch eine Serie von Läppchentesten mit Cignolinvaseline ansteigender Konzentration die Cignolin-Erythemschwelle bestimmt. Als Salbengrundlage diente gelbe Vaseline; die Konzentrationsstufen unterschieden sich durch den Faktor √2.

2.

Die Cignolin-Erythemschwelle schwankte zwischen 8,8 mg-% und 100 mg-%; der häufigst vorkommende Wert war 25 mg-%.

3.

Unterschiede zwischen Nichtekzematikern und Patienten mit mikrobiell-seborrhoischem Ekzem fanden sich nicht. Patienten mit Neurodermitis hingegen zeigten im Kollektiv eine abweichende Verteilung der Cignolin-Reizschwelle, wobei die häufigst vorkommende Schwellenkonzentration bei 70,8 mg-% lag.

4.

Nahezu die gleichen Unterschiede in der Verteilung fanden sich bei der Gegenüberstellung von Patienten mit paradox-anämischer Reaktion auf Nicotinsäurebenzylester und solchen ohne diese Reaktion.

5.

Ferner zeigten sich Unterschiede bei Patienten mit und ohne Acetylcholin-Weißreaktion (delayed blanch). Patienten ohne Weißreaktion zeigten eine “normale” Cignolin-Reizschwelle, solche mit Acetylcholin-Weißreaktion zeigten eine doppelgipflige Verteilung der Cignolinschwelle, wie sie einer Mischung von Neurodermitikern und Normalpersonen entsprechen könnte.

6.

Die auffallend hohe Cignolin-Reizschwelle der Neurodermitis ist nur im Kollektiv feststellbar. Bei dem Versuch einer individual-diagnostischen Auswertung wäre die Cignolin-Reizschwelle ein sehr schwacher “Test”; d.h. sie wäre von sehr geringem Wirkungsgrad und hätte nur geringe praktische Bedeutung.

Summary

Epidermal non-specific esterase and acid phosphatase were investigated in the clinically unaffected skin of psoriatics and in normal human skin. As opposed to an already known and histochemically demonstrable alteration in enzyme distribution, the total epidermal activity has been found unchanged.

Zusammenfassung

Bei 2 Fällen von Lepra lepromatosa, einem behandelten und einem unbehandelten, wurde die Esteraseaktivität in den lepromatösen Granulomen untersucht. Mit der Methode von Gomori, modifiziert nach Richterich mit Tween 60 wurde keine Lipaseaktivität gefunden.

Die Kuppelungsreaktion von Nachlas u. Seligman mit α-Naphthyl-acetat und Echtblausalz BB (siehe Pearse) ergab eine starke Esterase-aktivität auch im atrophischen Epithel über dem Granulom. Die Histotopographie der Esteraseaktivität im Epithel wird beschrieben.

Innerhalb des Granuloms ist die Esteraseaktivität an lipoidspeichernde Zellen (Epitheloide, Leprazellen) an und Fibroblasten und Histiocyten gebunden. Beziehungen zwischen Bacillenreichtum, Lipoidspeicherung und Intensität der Esteraseaktivität innerhalb der Granulome werden besprochen, ebenso die Verhältnisse der Esteraseaktivität in noch erhaltenen ekkrinen Schweißdrüsen und in der glatten Muskulatur.

Summary

Tetracyclines are retended much longer in growing bones, teeth, inflamed, ischaemic and necrotic tissue than in other structures. Here it is possible to show its fluorescence by the microscope or under the Wood Light. Deposition and retention of tetracyclines in malignant tumors are said to be very conspicuous. That was the matter to derive a Tetracycline Fluorescent Test for identification malignancy. The author controlled the value of this test at numerous malignant and benignant neoformations and ulcers of skin. The test was modified by use of Oxytetracycline. The results were unsatisfactory. Therefore this test cannot replace histological examination, if there is a skin tumor suspect for malignancy.

Summary

There is reported of investigations, concerning with the optimal conditions of reactions to demonstrate histochemically the dehydrogenases of the energy-producing metabolism in the epidermis of the guinea-pig.

The influence of the concentration of substrates the NAD concentration, the addition of KCN, NaN₃ and MgCl₂ the concentration of the buffer solution, the hydrogen ion concentration of the incubation-medium, the nitro-BT concentration and the influence of the time of incubation on the result of histochemical reaction is separately checked.

All epithelial structures showed a similar behaviours. It has been ascertained that the observance of determinate conditions of reaction is necessary to obtain opthnal histochemical results. Variations in the conditions of the incubation medium lead to variations in the results of the reactions. They have to be taken into consideration at the comparison of the results of histochemical investigations.

The optimal conditions of reaction for the dehydrogenases are indicated. They correspond to the original prescriptions in a whole, but differ in particulars.