Summary
The present paper is the continuation of a previously published work, (Havre & al., 1960), on the study on conditioned and simple copper deficiency in cattle and sheep in Setesdalen, a valley in the South of Norway.
In order to verify molybdenum as a conditioning factor, the fluctuations of the content of molybdenum and copper in the grass during the summer season 1959 have been studied. It was found that the content of both molybdenum and copper increased during the summer and reached its highest values in the first part of August. As stated in the previous paper, the conditioned copper deficiency in Setesdalen was proved to be a disorder occurring on autumnal pasture.
From the clinical material collected during the years 1958–60, it may be concluded that the simple copper deficiency in Setesdalen occurs only in the winter season, on stallfeeding. This corresponds fairly well with the fact that the copper content of the herbage has its lowest value about the first of July, the time for grass-mowing in Setesdalen.
The seasonal variations of copper and molybdenum were compared with statistics of the precipitation in the investigated areas in the same summer. The content of molybdenum as well as copper in grass was found to be lower in 1959 than in the previous years, probably due to the dry summer in 1959. The molybdenum figures, however, are still above 3 p.p.m. in herbage from areas with conditioned copper deficiency, and the copper figures below 5 p.p.m. in areas with simple copper deficiency. These concentrations were in the first work, in accordance with Cunningham, stated as the “dangerous” limits.
In the present work, spectrographs analyses of a series of elements, altogether 18, are carried out on grass samples collected in the summer of 1959. The etiological importance of the various elements is discussed and particular attention is paid to sodium, manganese and sulphur. Sulphur is treated more thoroughly, as the whole herbage material from 1958 has been analysed on total as well as on inorganic sulphur (sulphate), in order to study Dick’s theory on sulphur as a conditioning factor in the syndrome of conditioned copper deficiency. The results of the analyses, however, give no support for sulphur as a conditioning factor in Setesdalen.
A hypothetical “copper favouring factor”, possibly vitamin A, is discussed.
The clinical observations are discussed in relation to the analytical results.