The compatibility of possible continuous cosmologic particle creation with thermodynamics is studied. It is found that with the usualK=2 Pfafflan (dQ=TdS) is compatible only in very special cases.K≥3 Pfafflans can easily be reconciled with continuous creation. Since then the full thermodynamic state space is accessible by quasistatic adiabatic processes, such systems show local rather than global irreversibility. This property may prevent Heat Death even with idefinitely old model Universes.

Expressions are developed for the magnetic dipole line strengths of rotational transitions in theA-band (0–0 band) of the atmospheric oxygenb¹Σ _g⁺ −X³Σ _g⁻ ) system. The line strengths so derived incorporate effects of spin-uncoupling and orbit-rotation interaction besides, of course, spin-orbit perturbation and are absolute in the sense that the dominant transition moment and intensity parameter which enter the formulae are explicitly expressed in terms of the mutual perturbations characterizing theb andX states. SinceS-branch transitions (necessarily) of electric quadrupole character, have also been detected in theA-band (Brault [11]), we have included a general discussion of branch line strengths for the electric quadrupole intercombination transition¹Σ⁺−²Σ⁻.

Stochastic treatment of an exothermal chemical reaction with Newtonian heat exchange based on the birth and death master equation is proposed. The basic assumption is the discrete mechanism of energy transfer. The analysis of heat exchange process is performed. For the Semenov model the influence of the system size and of the magnitude of elementary energy transfer on the stationary value of temperatures is studied. Also, a simple model of thermokinetic oscillations is considered. It is shown that internal fluctuations may destroy limit cycle.

Gyarmati's variational principle, a significant development in the field of thermodynamics of irreversible processes, is employed to study viscous dissipation effects in flow and heat transfer in natural convection boundary layer over a vertical surface. The velocity and temperature distributions inside the boundary layer are considered as simple polynomial functions and using the perturbation procedure the variational principle is formulated for Prandtl number greater than unity. The Euler-Langrange equations are reduced to coupled polynomial equations in terms of boundary layer thicknesses. The local values of shear stress and Nusselt number are calculated and the effect of viscous dissipation is analysed. The comparison of present solution with an available solution shows good agreement.

Some results are reported concerning the application of the electrochemical and photoelectrochemical etching method to develop defects, mainly dislocations on the surface of n-GaAs material. In our experiments we have used various electrolytes under different measuring conditions. Water solution electrolytes were applied for the investigation and substrates of different origin were used.

We have compared the results of the electrochemical method with those of the selective chemical etching.

The aim of the work was irradiation of experimental animals with homogeneous dose of high X-irradiation and adding of known dose to the experimental animal, for the purpose of investigating acute radiation syndrome. Under known dose we mean its constant rate, as well as its distribution. Irradiation was performed by use of a linear accelerator of maximal energy 4 MeV with two opposite fields.

For dosimetric control an ionization chamber with a Farmer dosimeter was used while distribution dose was measured with TLD. Dose distribution was calculated by use of a computer on the basis of known data about pencils of rays and measured contours of the body of the experimental animal on more characteristic levels. During the calculation, inhomogeneity of tissue was included so that the effects of lesser density of lungs and considerable density of bones could be visible on the representative levels.

The distribution of the dose on the level of the sternum, the middle of the abdomen and middle of the neck varied from 105–170 relative units and the total variation for the whole body amounted to ±24% respectively.

New techniques for activity distribution measurement have been introduced in the course of the reconstruction of the low background whole body counter of the institute.

Two dimensional profile and rectilinear scanning measurement can be carried out by using either autonomous or computer based control electronics.

The main features of the hardware and control software systems as well as some illustrative results of the first applications are presented in the paper.

The properties of nuclear matter are studied. Assuming an ω-meson field, periodic in space, a self-consistent set of equations is derived in mean field approximation for the description of nucleons interacting via σ-meson and ω-meson fields.

In the presence of such an ω field the energy spectrum of the relativistic nucleons exhibits allowed and forbidden bands similar to the energy spectrum of the electrons in solids.